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Flatworm Bibliography

1. Terrestrial planarians in the British Isles

Alford, D. V. (1995) The New Zealand flatworm. M.A.F.F. Bulletin, October 1995, p. 3. The Garden (January 1995).

Alford D V. (1998). Potential problems posed by non-indigenous terrestrial flatworms in the United Kingdom. Pedobiologia 42, 574-578.

Alford D V., Boag, B., Johns, P. M. & Yeates, G. W. (1998). Report on the OECD Workshop on Terrestrial Flatworms. Pedobiologia 42, 385-388.

Alford, D. V., Hancocks, P. J. & Parker, W. E. (1995). The potential impact of New Zealand flatworm (Artioposthia triangulata) on agriculture and the environment in England and Wales. Unpublished report to the MAFF Chief Scientist's Group.

Alford, D. V., Lole, M. J. & Emmett, B. J. (1996). Alien terrestrial planarians in England and Wales, and implications for the horticultural trade. Brighton Crop Protection Conference - Pests and Diseases, Vol. III, pp. 1083-1088.

Alston, R. (1991). Living with the New Zealand flatworm. New Farmer & Grower. Winter 1991/92 issue.

Anderson, R. (1986). The land planarians of Ireland (Tricladida: Terricola) a summary of distribution records. Irish Naturalists Journal 22, 141-146.

Ball, I.R. & Reynoldson, T.B. (1981). British planarians. Synopses Br. Fauna (N.S.) No. 19. Linnean Society of London. Estuarine and Brackish Water Sciences Association. Bath: Cambridge University Press.

Baufeld, P. Von, Motte, G & Unger J. -G. (1996). The New Zealand flatworm Artioposthia triangulata (Plathelminthes, Geoplanidae) - a case on the borderline between plant health and nature conservation. Nachrichtenbl. Deut. Pflanzenschutzd., 48, 14-17. (In German).

Blackshaw, R. P. (1989). The effects of a calcareous seaweed product on earthworms in grassland soil. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 6, 27-33.

Blackshaw, R. P. (1990). Studies on Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) (Tricladida: Terricola), a predator of earthworms. Annals of applied Biology 116, 169-176.

Blackshaw, R. P. (1991). Mortality of the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny) presented to the terrestrial planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) (Tricladida: Terricola). Annals of applied Biology 118, 689-694.

Blackshaw, R. P. (1992). The effect of starvation on size and survival of the terrestrial planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) (Tricladida: Terricola). Annals of applied Biology 120, 573- 578.

Blackshaw, R. P. (1995). Changes in populations of the predatory flatworm Artioposthia triangulata and its earthworm prey in grassland. Acta. Zool. Fennica 196, 107-110.

Blackshaw, R. P. (1996). Control options for the New Zealand flatworm. Brighton Crop Protection Conference - Pests and Diseases, Vol. III, pp. 1089-1094.

Blackshaw, R. P. (1997a). Life cycle of the earthworm predator Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) in Northern Ireland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 29, 245-249.

Blackshaw, R. P. (1997b). The planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) feeding on earthworms in columns. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 29, 299-302.

Blackshaw, R. P., Moore, J. P. & Alston, R. (1996). Removal trapping to control Artioposthia triangulata. Annals of applied Biology 129, 355-360.

Blackshaw, R. P. & Stewart, V. I. (1992). Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy, 1894), a predatory terrestrial planarian and its potential impact on lumbricid earthworms. Agricultural Zoology Reviews 5, 201-219.

Boag, B., Evans, K. A., Neilson, R., Yeates, G. W., Johns, P. M., Mather, J. G., Christensen, O. M. & Jones, H. D. (1995a). The potential spread of terrestrial planarians Artioposthia triangulata and Australoplana sanguinea var. alba to continental Europe. Annals of applied Biology 127, 385-390.

Boag, B., Evans, K. A., Yeates, G. W., Johns, P. M. & Neilson, R. (1995b). Assessment of the global potential distribution of the predatory land planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) (Tricladida: Terricola) from ecoclimatic data. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 22, 311-318.

Boag, B., Jones, H. D., Evans, K. A., Neilson, R., Yeates, G. W., & Johns, P. M. (1998). The application of GIS techniques to estimate the establishment and potential spread of Artioposthia triangulata in Scotland. Pedobiologia 42, 504-510.

Boag, B., Jones, H. D. & Neilson, R. (1997). The spread of the New Zealand flatworm (Artioposthia triangulata) within Great Britain. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 33, 53-56.

Boag, B., Jones, H. D., Neilson, R., & Santoro, G. (1999). Spatial distribution and relationship between the New Zealand flatworm Arthurdendyus triangulata and earthworms in a grass field in Scotland. Pedobiologia 43, 340-344.

Boag, B. & Neilson, R. (1997). The potential impact of terrestrial planarians to Scottish agriculture and wildlife. Scottish Crop Research Institute Annual Report 1996/97, pp. 125-126.

Boag, B. & Neilson, R. (1999). The New Zealand flatworm problem in Scotland: an update. Proceedings Crop Protection in Northern Britain, pp. 133-136.

Boag, B., Neilson, R., Palmer, L. F. & Jones, H. D. (1994a). A further record of the New Zealand flatworm Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) in England. Plant Pathology 43, 220-222.

Boag, B., Neilson, R., Palmer, L. F. & Yeates, G. W. (1993a). The New Zealand flatworm (Artioposthia triangulata) a potential alien predator of earthworms in northern Europe. BCPC Monograph 54, 387-402.

Boag, B., Neilson, R., Palmer, L. F. & Salowsky-Butcher, A. (1993b). New Zealand flatworm in Scotland. Scottish Crops Research Institute Annual Report for 1992.

Boag, B., Palmer, L. F., Neilson, R. & Chambers, S. J. (1994b). Distribution and prevalence of the predatory planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) (Tricladida: Terricola) in Scotland. Annals of applied Biology 124, 165-171.

Boag, B., Yeates, G. W. & Johns, P. M. (1998). Limitations to the distribution and spread of terrestrial flatworms with special reference to the New Zealand flatworm (Artioposthia triangulata). Pedobiologia 42, 495-503.

Boag, B., Yeates, G. W., Johns, P. M., Neilson, R., Palmer, L. F. & Legg, R. K. (1995c). Distribution of the New Zealand flatworm (Artioposthia triangulata) in New Zealand and Scotland. Acta. Zool. Fennica 196, 212-214.

Bolger, T. (1989). A further Irish record of Geoplana sanguinea (Moseley) (Tricladida: Geoplanidae). Irish Biogeograpical Society Bulletin 12, 152.

Calman, W. T. (1902). On the occurrence of terrestrial planarians in Scotland. Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist. 11, 231-233.

Cannon, R. J. C., Baker, R. H. A., Taylor, M. & Moore, J. P. (1999) A review of the pest status of the New Zealand flatworm in the UK. Annals of applied Biology 135, 597-614.

Crawley, M. (1994). Distribution records for land planarians (Tricladida, Terricola) from Sligo and Leitrim. Irish Naturalists Journal 24, 512-513.

Cotton, D. C. F. (1985). A new record for the land planarian, Microplana scharfi, Tricladida, Terricola. Irish Naturalists Journal 21, 546.

Dendy, A. (1921). An addition to the British fauna (Rhynchodemus scharffi). Nature, Lond. 107, 298-299.

Dynes, C., Fleming, C. C. & Moore, J. P. (1998). Comparisons of populations of Australoplana sanguinea alba, the ‘Australian flatworm’ in the British Isles. Pedobiologia 42, 541.

Dynes, C., Fleming, C. C. & Murchie, A. K. (2000). Intraspecific variation in the nuclear ribosomal DNA of the New Zealand flatworm, Arthurdendyus triangulatus revelaed by PCR-RFLP. Annals of Applied Biology (in prep.)

Eastham, L. E. S. (1933). Morphological notes on the terrestrial triclad Rhynchodemus brittanicus Percival. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. (1933), 889-895.

Edwards, R. (1996). Alien flatworms lay seige to Scotland. New Scientist (21 September 1996), p. 5.

Evans, K. A. & Boag, B. (1996). The New Zealand flatworm: will climate change make it a potentially European problem? Aspects of Applied Biology 45, 335-338.

Gibson, P. H., Cosens, D. & Buchanan, K. (1997). A chance observation and pilot laboratory studies of predation of the New Zealand flatworm by the larvae and adults of carabid and staphylinid beetles. Annals of Applied Biology 130, 581-585.

Gibson, P. H. & Cosens, D. (1998). Locomotion in the terrestrial planarian Artioposthia triangulata .(Dendy). Pedobiologia 42, 241-251

Hancock, E.G. (1988). Some terrestrial flatworm records from the Glasgow area. Glasgow Naturalist 24, 495-496.

Haria, A. H. (1995). Hydrological and environmental impact of earthworm depletion by the New Zealand flatworm (Artioposthia triangulata). Journal of Hydrology 171, 1-3.

Haria, A. H., McGrath, S. P., Moore, J. P., Bell, J. P. & Blackshaw, R. P. (1998). Impact of the New Zealand flatworm (Artioposthia triangulata) on soil structute and hydrology in the UK. The Science of the Total Environment 215, 259-265.

Hogan, R. N. & Dunne, R. (1996). The distribution of the New Zealand flatworm Arthioposthia triangulata (Dendy) in the Republic of Ireland. Irish Naturalists Journal 25, 210-212.

Jennings, J. B. (1959). Observations on the nutrition of the land planarian Orthodemus terrestris (O. F. Müller). Biol. Bull. 117,119-124.

Jenyns, L. (L. Blomefield) (1877). Note on the occurrence og the land planarian (Planaria terrestris) in the neighbourhood of Bath. Proc. Bath Nat. Hist. Antiq. Field Club 3, 72-73.

Jones, H. D. (1978a). Terrestrial planarians. Lancs. Cheshire Fauna Soc. 73, 19-20.

Jones, H. D. (1978b). Observations on the locomotion of two British terrestrial planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida). Journal of Zoology, London 186, 407-416.

Jones, H. D. (1981a). A specimen of the Australian land planarian Geoplana sanguinea (Moseley) var. alba (Dendy) from the Isles of Scilly. Journal of Natural History 15, 837-843.

Jones, H. D. (1981b). A new species of land planarian from Northern Ireland (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria). Journal of Zoology 193, 71-79.

Jones, H.D. (1988). The status and distribution of British terrestrial planarians. Progress in Zoology 36, 511-516.

Jones, H. D. (1996). Alien flatworms. Biological Sciences Review 8, 11-13.

Jones, H. D. (1998). The African and European land planarian faunas, with an identification guide for field workers in Europe. Pedobiologia 42, 477-489.

Jones, H. D. (1998). Monthly abundance, size and maturity in a population of the ‘Australian flatworm’, Austaloplana samguinea alba. Pedobiologia 42, 511-519.

Jones, H. D. & Boag, B. (1996). The distribution of the New Zealand and Australian terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria: Tricladida: Terricola) in the British Isles - the Scottish survey and MEGALAB WORMS. Journal of Natural History 30, 955-975.

Jones, H. D. & Gerard, B. M. (1999). A new genus of terrestrial planarian (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida; Terricola) from Scotland, and an emendation of the genus Artioposthia. Journal of Natural History 33, 387-394.

Lillico, S., Cosens, D. & Gibson, P. (1996). Studies of the behaviour of Artioposthia triangulata (Platyhelminthes; Tricladida), a predator of earthworms. Journal of Zoology, London 238, 513-520.

McCarthy, T. K. (1993). The exotic land planarian Geoplana sanguinea (Moseley) naturalised in the Galway area (Turbellaria. Tricladida. Terricola). Irish Naturalists Journal 24, 257-

Mackenzie, D. (1991). Where earthworms fear to tread. New Scientist 131, 31-34. (10/8/91).

Moore, J. P., Dynes, C. & Murchie, A. K. (1998). Status and public perception of the New Zealand flatworm, Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy), in Northern Ireland. Pedobiologia 42, 563-571.

Murchie, A. K., Dynes, C. & Moore, J. P. (1999). Spread of the invading land planarian, Artioposthia triangulata, into agricultural grassland in Northern Ireland. Royal Irish Academy symposium on "Biological Invaders: the Impact of Exotic Species", Dublin, 23-24 Feb 1999.

Murchie, A. K. & Moore, J. P. (1998). Hot-water treatment to prevent transference of the ‘New Zealand flatworm’, Artioposthia triangulata. Pedobiologia 42, 572.

O’Connor, M. A., O’Connor, J. P. & Jones, H. D. (1983). A second Irish record of the Australian land planarian Geoplana sanguinea (Moseley) var. alba (Dendy). Irish Naturalists Journal 21, 95.

Pantin, C. F. A. (1944). Terrestrial nemertines and planarians in Britain. Nature 154, 80.

Pantin, C. F. A. (1950). Locomotion in British terrestrial Nemertines and Planarians; with a discussion on the identity of Rhynchodemus bilineatus (Mecznikow) in Britain, and on the name Fasciola terrestris, O. F. Müller. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 162, 23-27.

Percival, E. (1925). Rhynchodemus britannicus, n. sp. A new British terrestrial triclad, with a note on the excretion of calcium carbonate. Quarterly Journal of Microsc. Sci. 69, 344-355.

Reynoldson, T. B. (1970). Ecological separation in British Triclads, Turbellaria. Amer. Zool. 10, 546-547 (Abstract).

Scharff, R. F. (1900). The Irish species of land planarians. Irish Naturalist, 215-218.

Speight, M.C.D. (1989). The rosy New Zealand flatworm Geoplana sanguinea Moseley: A record from west Cork. Ir. Biogeog. Soc. Bull. No. 12, 150-151.

Stewart, V. I. (1993). The biology of the terrestrial planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy, 1894) and its genetic variation in colonised habitats. Unpublished PhD thesis. The Queen’s University of Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Stewart, V. I. & Blackshaw, R. P. (1993). Genetic variation in populations of the terrestrial planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) and evidence for passive dispersal in Northern Ireland. Annals of applied Biology 123, 459-468.

Symondson, W. O. C. & Liddell, J. E. (1996). Immunological approaches to the detection of predation upon New Zealand flatworms (Tricladida: Terricola): problems caused by shared epitopes with slugs (Mollusca: Pulmonata). International Journal of Pest Management 42, 95-99.

Trond Knapp Haraldsen, F. E. (1998). Possible effects on introduction of Artioposthia triangulata in Norway on earthworm populations. Draft report. Centre for Soil and Environmental Research.

Unger, J. -G. (1998). The impact of quarantine reguulations for terrestrial flatworms on international trade. Pedobiologia 42, 579-584.

Wakelin, D & Vickerman, K. (1979). The land planarian Artioposthia triangulata, a new species record for the West of Scotland. Glasgow Naturalist 19, 499-501.

Waterston, A. R. (1935). The land planarians of the British Isles. Scottish Naturalist, 103-109.

Willis, R.J. & Edwards, A.R. (1977). The occurrence of the land planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) in Northern Ireland. Irish Naturalists Journal 19, 112-116.

Abraham, R. (1974). Ueber die landlebenden Turbellarien Rhynchodemus bilineatus (Mecznikow) und Bipalium kewense Moseley. Beitr. Naturkdl. Forsch. Sudwestdtsch. 33, 229-232.

Arndt, W. & Manteufel, P. (1925). Die Turbellarien als trager von Giften. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere 3, 344-357.

Barker, G. M. (1989). Flatworm predation of terrestrial molluscs in New Zealand, and a brief review of previous records. New Zealand Entomologist 12, 75-79.

Barnwell, G. M. (1966). The role of encephalization in the feeding behavior of a land planarian, Bipalium kewense. Worm Runner’s Digest 8(2), 41-47.

Barnwell, G. M. (1969). The adaptability and distribution of the land planarian Bipalium kewense. Journal of Biological Psychology 11, 30-32.

Barnwell, G. M. (1978). Geoplana vaga a sexually reproducing terrestrial planarian in San Antonio Texas, USA. Southwest. Nat. 23, 151-152.

Barnwel, G. M., Peacock, L. J. & Taylor, R. E. (1964). A light-dark discrimination problem with terrestrial planarians. Worm Runner’s Digest 6(2), 52-53.

Baufeld, V. P., Motte, G. & Unger, J. -G. (1996). The New Zealand flatworm Artioposthia triangulata (Platehelminthes, Geoplanidae) - a case on the borderline between plant health and nature conservation. Nachrichtenbl. deut. Pflanzenschutzd. 48, 14-17.

Barnwell, G.M. (1969). The adaptability and distribution of the land planarian, Bipalium kewense. Journal of Biological Psychology 11, 30-32.

Bell, F. J. (1886). Note on Bipalium kewense, and the generic characters of land-planarians. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 8, 165-168.

Bloch, D. (1992). A note on the occurrence of land planarians in the Faroe Islands. Fródskaparrit 38 - 39, 63-68.

Bresslau, E. (1928). Turbellaria. Handb. Zool., Berl. 2(1): 52-320.

Carranza, S., Ruiz-Trillo, I., Littlewood, D. T. J., Riutort, M. & Baguñà, J. (1998). A reappraisal of the phylogenetic and taxonomic position of land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria, Tricladida) inferred from 18S rDNA sequences. Pedobiologia 42, 433-440.

Cardale, E. (1940). A new species of New Zealand land planarian. Artioposthia civis. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 70, 277-281.

Chandler, C.M. (1975). Field observations on a population of the land planarian Bipalium kewense (Turbellaria: Tricladida). ASB (Assoc. Southeast Biol.) Bull. 22, 46.

Chandler, C. M. (1974). The land planarian Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878, in middle Tennessee, USA. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 49, 128-129,

Chandler, C.M. (1976). Field observations on a population of the land planarian Bipalium kewense (Turbellaria: Tricladida) in middle Tennessee, USA. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 51, 73-75,

Christensen, O. M. & Mather, J. M. (1995). Colonisation by the land planarian Artioposthia triangulata and impact on lumbricid earthworms at a horticultural site. Pedobiologia 39, 144- 154.

Christensen, O. M. & Mather, J. M. (1997). Morphometric study of a field population of the terrestrial planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) in the Faroe Islands. Pedobiologia 41, 252-262.

Christensen, O. M. & Mather, J. G. (1998). Population studies of the land planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) at natural and horticultural sites in New Zealand. Applied Soil Ecology 9, 257-262.

Christensen, O. M. & Mather, J. G. (1998). The ‘New Zealand’ flatworm, Artioposthia triangulata, in Europe: the Faroese situation. Pedobiologia 42, 532-540.

Cole, M. E. (1969). A record of the occurrence of the exotic land planarian Bipalium kewense in Calloway county, Kentucky. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 30, 71.

Connella, J. V. & Stern, D. H. (1969). Land planarians: sexuality and occurrence. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 88, 309-311.

Cotton, D. C. F. (1985). A new record for the land planarian Microplana scharffi Tricladida Terricola. Irish Naturalists Journal 21, 546.

Daly, J. J. & Darlington, J. T. (1981). Occurrence of the land planarians Bipalium kewense and Geoplana sp. in Arkansas, USA. Arkansas Acad. Sci. Proc. 3582-84.

Daly, J. & Mathews, H. M. (1982). Effect of weight and temperature upon oxygen consumption of the land planarian Bipalium kewense. Physiol. Zool. 55, 148-154.

Dendy, A. (1895a). Notes on New Zealand land planarians, Part I. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 27, 117-189.

Dendy, A. (1895b). Addition to the cryptozoic fauna of New Zealand. Annal and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6 14, 393-401.

Dendy, A. (1896). Notes on New Zealand land planarians. Part II. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 28, 204-214.

Dendy, A. (1897). Notes on New Zealand land planarians. Part III. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 29, 258-264.

Dendy, A. (1989). On the Victorian land planarians. Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria 2, 65-80.

Dendy, A. (1901). Notes on New Zealand land planarians. Part IV. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 33, 222-240.

Ducey, P. K., Messere, M., Lapoint, K. & Noce, S. (1998). Lumbricid prey and potential herpetofaunal predators of the invading terrestrial flatworm Bipalium adventitium (Turbellaria: Tricladida: Tericola). American Midland Naturalist 141(2), 305-414.

Ducey, P. K. & Noce, S. (1998). Successful invasion of New York state by the terrestrial flatworm, Bipalium adventitium. Northeastern Naturalist 5, 199-206.

Dundee, D. S. & Dundee, H. A. (1963). Observations on the land planarian Bipalium kewense Moseley in the Gulf coast. Systematic Zoology 12, 36-37.

Esser, R.P. (1981). Land planarians. Nematology Circular No. 75. Fla. Dept. Agric. & Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry.

Filelia Subira, E. (1983). Nota sobre la presenciade la planaria terrestre Bipalium kewense Mosely, 1878 a Catalunya. Butlleti Inst. Catal. Hist. Nat. 49, 151.

Fletcher, J. J. & Hamilton, A. G. (1888). Notes on Australian land planarians, with descriptions of some new species. Part I. Proc. of the Linn. Soc. NSW 2, 349-374.

Froehlich, C. G. (1955). On the biology of land planarians. Boletim da faculdade de filosophia, ciencias e letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, zoologica 20, 263-272.

Froehlich, C. G. (1967). A contribution to the zoogeography of Neotropical land planarians. Acta Zoologia Lilloana 23, 153-162.

Fraser, P. M. & Boag, B. (1998). The distribution of lumbricid earthworm communities in relation to flatworms: a comparison between New Zealand and Europe. Pedobiologia 42, 542-553.

Fyfe, M. L. (1937). The reproductive system of the planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy). Quarterly Journal of Microscope Science 80, 99-126.

Fyfe, M. L. (1944). Classification and reproductive organs of New Zealand land Planarians. 1. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 74, 288-293.

Fyfe, M. L. (1946). Classification and reproductive organs of New Zealand land Planarians. 2. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 76, 135-138..

Fyfe, M. L. (1947). Classification and reproductive organs of New Zealand land Planarians. 3. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 76, 517-523..

Fyfe, M. L. (1956). Classification and reproductive organs of New Zealand land Planarians. 4. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 83, 505-514.

Garman, H. (1915). Two introduced worms of economic interest. Journal of Economic Entomology 8, 403-404.

Garnett, H. (1928). Rhynchodemus britannicus Percival. North Western Nat. 3, 186-187.

Gislen, T. (1944). Zur verbreitung und okologie von Rhynchodemus terrestris (O. F. Mull.) mit Bemerkungen uber Bitemporalitat. Archiv fur hydrobiologie un planktonkunde 40, 667-686.

Gråberg, M. (1996). Plattmasken Artioposthia triangulata - ett hot mot daggmasken? Växtskyddnotiser 60, 25-26. (The flatworm Artioposthia triangulata - a threat to the earthworm?).

Graff, L. von (1899). Monographic de Turbellarian II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Leipzig, W. Engelmann. 574pp.

Hartog, C. den (1962). The distribution of the land planarian Rhynchodemus terrestris in the Netherlands. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C65(4), 369-379.

Hickman, V. V. (1964). On Planarivora insignis gen. et sp. n. (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), whose larval stages are parasitic in land planarians. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 99, 1-8.

Hutton, F. W. (1890). Additions to the list of New Zealand worms. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 12, 277-278.

Hyman, L. H. (1929). Land planarians from the Hawaiian Islands. Arch. Zool. Exper. Gen., Notes and (Review No. 3) 80, 116-124.

Hyman, L. H. (1939). New species of flatworm from North, Central and South America. Proceeding of the United States National Museum 86, 419-439.

Hyman, L. H. (1940). Native and introduced land planarians in the United States. Science 92, 105-106.

Hyman, L. H. (1943). Endemic and exotic land planarians of the United States with a discussion of necessary changes of names in the Rhynchodemidae. American Museum Novitates 1241, 1-21.

Hyman, L. H. (1951). The Invertebrate: Platyhelminthes & Rhynchocoela. Vol. 2. McGraw Hill: N.Y., USA. 550 pp.

Hyman, L. H. (1954). Some land planarians of the United States and Europe, with remarks on nomenclature. American Museum Novitates 1667, 1-21.

Hyman, L. H. (1955). Miscellaneous marine and terrestrial flatworms from South America. Am. Mus. Novitates 1742.

Hyman, L. H. (1974). In Biology of the Turbellaria. McGraw Hill (Eds. N. W. Riser & M. P. Moore).

Johns, P. M. (1993). A short review checklist and bibliography of New Zealand terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminths: Turbellaria). Proceedings of the 42nd Entomological Society of New Zealand, pp. 17-31. Christchurch, NZ.

Johns, P. M. (1998). The New Zealand terrestrial flatworms: a 1997-98 perspective. Pedobiologia 42, 464-468.

Johns, P. M., Boag, B. & Yeates, G. W. (1998). Observations on the geographical distribution of flatworms (Turbellaria: Rhynchodemidae, Bipaliidae, Geoplanidae) in New Zealand. Pedobiologia 42, 469-476.

Jones, H. D. (1998). The African and European land planarian faunas, with an identification guide for field workers in Europe. Pedobiologia 42, 477-489.

Jones, H. D. & Cumming, M. S. (1998). Feeding behaviour of the termite-eating planarian Microplana termitophaga (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola) in Zimbabwe. J. Zool., Lond. 245, 53-64.

Jones, H. D., Green, J. & Palin, D. W. (1998). Monthly abundance, size and maturity in a population of the ‘Australian flatworm’, Australopana sanguinea alba. Pedobiologia 42, 511-519.

Jones, H.D., Darlington, J.P.E.C. & Newson, R.M. (1990). A new species of land planarian preying on termites in Kenya. J. Zool. Lond. 220, 249-256.

Kawakatsu, M. (1985). A note on the morphology of Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878, and Bipalium adventitium Hyman, 1943. Bull. Fuji Womens’s College. 23, 85-100.

Kawakatsu, M. & Ogren, R. E. (1998). The Asian fauna of land planarians, with special reference to the taxonomic revision of several homonyms in the genus Bipalium, family Bipalidae. Occasional Publications, Biological Laboratory of Fuji Women’s College, Sapporo (Hokkaido), Japan, 30, 1- 8. ISSN 0917-4362.

Kawakatsu, M. & Ogren, R. E. (1998). The Asian land planarian fauna Tricladida: Terricola. Pedobiologia 42, 452-456.

Klots, A. B. (1960). A terrestrial flatworm well established outdoors in the northeastern United States. Systematic Zoology 9, 33-34.

Makino, N. & Shirasawa, Y. (1986). Asexual reproduction of long slender land planarians (genus; Bipalium) in Tokyo and environs, Japan. Zool. Sci. (Tokyo) 3, 1106.

Makino, N. & Shirasawa, Y. (1990). The life-cycle and asexual reproduction of long, slender land planarians (genus; Bipalium) in Tokyo and their interesting regenerative ability. Bull. Tokyo Med. Coll. 15, 95-103.

Marcus, E. & Marcus, E. (1959). Turbellaria from Madeira and the Azores. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal XII(30), 15-42.

Matile, L. (1981). Discovery in the Neotropical region of a parasitic genus of Keroplatidae, Planivora Hickman, and notes on its relationships (Diptera, Mycetophiloidea). Papaeis Avuloso Zoologie Sao Paulo 34, 141-144.

Mather, J. G. & Christensen, O. M. (1992). The exotic land planarian Artioposthia triangulata in the Faroe Islands: colonisation and habitats. Fródskaparrit 40, 49-60.

Mather, J. G. & Christensen, O. M. (1995a). Pest risk analysis of Artioposthia triangulata. Unpublished submission to the Plant Health Standing Committee of the European Commission.

Mather, J. G. & Christensen, O. M. (1995b). Surface movement rates of the New Zealand flatworm Artioposthia triangulata: potential for spread by active migration. Annals of applied Biology 126, 563 -570.

Mather, J. G. & Christensen, O. M. (1996). The land planarian Australoplana sanguinea var. alba at a horticultural site in New Zealand. Annals of applied Biology 129, 171-179.

Mather, J. G. & Christensen, O. (1997a). The New Zealand flatworm Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy, 1894). Unpublished submission to the Plant Health Standing Committee of the European Commission.

Mather, J. G. & Christensen, O. M. (1997b). The New Zealand flatworm Artioposthia triangulata Pest Risk analysis. Unpublished submission to the EPPO Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations.

Mather, J. G. & Christensen, O. M. (1998). Behavioural aspects of the ‘New Zealand flatworm’, Arthioposthia triangulata, in relation to species spread. Pedobiologia 42, 520-531.

Mead, A. R. (1963). A flatworm predator of the Giant African snail Achatina fulica in Hawaii. Malacologia 1, 305-311.

Mienis, H.K. (1976). The land planarian Bipalium kewense in Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology 25, 71.

Minelli, A. (1977). Microplana mahnerti n. sp., a new terrestrial planarian from the Jura Mts. (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Rhynchodemidae). Rev Suisse Zool. 84, 173-176.

Minelli, A. (1977). The taxonomic review of the terrestrial planarians of Europe. Bolletino de Zoologie 44, 399-419.

Morton, R. & Kleinginna, P. (1971). Running speed and mortality rate of Bipalium kewense as a function of different levels of illumination. J. Biol. Psychol. 13, 25-26.

Moseley, H. N. (1877). Notes on the structure of several forms of land planarian, with a description of two new genera and several new species , and a list of all speies at present known. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 17, 273-292.

Moseley, H. N. (1878). Description of a new specis of land-planarian from the hot-houses of Kew Gardens. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1, 237-239.

Neck, R.W. (1987). A predatory terretrial flatworm Bipalium kewense in Texas, USA: feral populations and laboratory observations. Texas Journal of Science 39, 267-272.

Ogren, R. E. (1957). Developmental observations, the egg capsule and sexual maturity of the land planarian Rhynchodemus sylvaticus. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 76, 45-52.

Ogren, R. E. (1981). Land planarians in Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 55, 52-56.

Ogren, R. E. (1984). Exotic land planarians of the genus Bipalium (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria) from Pennsylvania and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Sciences 58, 193-201.

Ogren, R. E. (1985). The human factor in the spread of an exotic planarian in Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 59, 117-118.

Ogren, R.E. (1989) Redescription and a new name for the blue land planarian Geoplana vaga Hyman now considered conspecific with Caenoplana coerulea Moseley from Australia (Turbellaria: Tricladida: Geoplanidae). Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 63, 135-142.

Ogren, R. E. (1995). Predation behaviour of land planarians. Hydrobiologia 305, 105-111.

Ogren, R. E. & Kawakatsu, M. (1990). Index to the species of the family Geoplanidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part I: Geoplaninae. Bulletin if Fuji Women’s College 29, Series II, , 79- 166.

Ogren, R. E. & Kawakatsu, M. (1991). Index to the species of the family Geoplanidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part II: Caenoplaninae and Pelmatoplaninae. Bulletin if Fuji Women’s College 29, Series II, 25-102.

Ogren, R. E. & Kawakatsu, M. (1998). American Nearcitc and Neotropical planarian (Tricladida: Terricola) faunas. Pedobiologia 42, 441-451.

Ogren, R. E., Kawakatsu, M. & Froehlich, E. M. (1993) Additions and corrections of the previous land planarian indices of the World (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola). Addendum III. Winsor’s (1991) provisional classification of Australian and New Zealand caenoplani land planarians. Bulletin if Fuji Women’s College 31, Series II, 61-86.

Ogren, R. E. & Sheldon, J. K. (1991). Ecological observations on the land planarian Bipalium pennsylvanicum Orgen, with references to the phenology, reproduction, growth rate and food niche. Journal of the Pennslvania Academy of Science 65, 3-9.

Prudhoe, S. (1949). Some roundworms and flatworms from the West Indies and Surinam. IV. Land planarians. J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 41, 420-433.

N. W. Riser & M. P. Moore (1974). Biology of the Turbellaria. McGraw Hill: N.Y. USA.

Sea, N. , Makino, N. & Shirasawa, Y. (1987). The karyotypes of the genus Bipalium in both the fission and non-fission types. Zool. Sci. (Tokyo) 4, 1099.

Sharma, B. D. & Sharma, T. J. (1977). Occurrence of Bipalium kewense Moseley (Turbellaria: Tricladida) in India. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 74, 205.

Shirasawa, Y. & Makino, N. (1991). Pharangeal regeneration in the land planarian Bipalium kewense. Sixth International Symposium on the the biology of the Turbellaria, Hirosaki, Japan, August 7- 12, 1990. Hydrobiologia 227, 57-58.

Shirasawa, Y. & Makino, N. (1990). Observations on the pharangeal regeneration of the land planarians Bipalium kewense and Bipalium multilineatum. Zool. Sci. (Tokyo) 7, 1158.

Shirasawa, Y. & Makino, N. (1989). Observations on the regeneration of the land planarian Bipalium kewense which propagates asexually, "fission". Zool. Sci. (Tokyo) 6, 1200.

Shirasawa, Y. & Makino, N. (1989). The life and the reproductive phenomenon in Bipalium (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria, Tricladida) of the fission type worm. Zool. Sci. (Tokyo) 6, 1219.

Shirasawa, Y. & Makino, N. (1989). Observations on the regeneration of the land planarian Bipalium kewense Moseley which propagates asexually, "fission". Bull. Tokyo Med. Coll. 16, 51-66.

Shirasawa, Y. & Makino, N. (1991). On the accumulation of th basophilic cells during the paharyngeal regeneration in Bipalium. Bull. Tokyo Med. Coll. 17, 47-63.

Sluys, R. (1998). Land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola) in biodiversity and conservation studies. Pedobiologia 42, 490-494.

Sluys, R. (1999). Global diversity of land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola): a new indicator-taxon in biodiversity and conservaton studies. Biodiversity and Conservation 8, 1663-1681.

Sneli, J. -A. (1969). The land planarian Bipalium kewense recorded in Norway. Fauna (Oslo) 22, 285- 286.

Steel, T. (1901). Australian land planarians. Descriptions of new species and notes of collecting and preserving. n.2. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 25, 563-580.

Storch, V. & Abraham, R. (1972). Electron microscopic observations on the sensory border of the land dwelling Turbellarian Bipalium kewense Tricladida. Z. Zellforsch Microsk. Anat. 133, 267-275.

Sun, C. N., Chew, S. B. C. & White, H. J. (1975). Arrangements of myo filaments, sarcoplasmic reticulum and dense bodies in Bipalium kewense. J. Cell Biol. 67, 422A.

Sun, C. N., Chew, S. B. C. & White, H. J. (1979). The fine structure of smooth muscle in Bipalium kewense; its possible relation to evolution of skeletal muscle. Cytologia (Tokyo) 44, 181-190.

Terrace, T. E. & Baker, G. H. (1994). The blue land planarian, Caenoplana coerulea Mosley (Tricladida: Geoplanidae), a predator of Ommatoiulus moreleti (Lucas) (Diplopoda: Julidae) in Southern Australia. J. ent. Aust. Soc. 33, 371-372.

Terrace, T. E. & Baker, G. H. (1996). Predation of earthworms by the land planarian, Australoplana sanguinea (Mosley) var. alba (Dendy) sensu Jones, 1981 (Tricladida: Geoplanidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 120, 177-178.

Unger, J. -G. (1998). The impact of quarantine regulations for terrestrial flatworms on international trade. Pedobiologia 42, 579-584.

Winsor, L. (1977). Terrestrial planarians and nemerteans of the Otway Region. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 89, 137-146.

Winsor, L. (1979). Land planarians (Tricladida: Terricola) of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, Victoria. Victorian Naturalist 96, 155-161.

Winsor, L. (1981). The taxonomy, zoogeography and biology of Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878 (Tricladida, Terricola). Hydrobiologia 84, 17.

Winsor, L. (1983). A revision of the cosmopolitan land planarian Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878 (Turbellaria: Tricladida: Terricola). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 79, 61-100.

Winsor, L. (1985). Land planarians (Turbellaria: Tricladida; Terricola) introduced into Australia 1. Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878. Victorian Nat. 102, 102-105.

Winsor, L. (1991). A provisional clasification of the Australian terrestrial geoplanid flatworms (Tricladida: Terricola: Geoplanidae). Victorian Naturalist 108: 42-49.

Winsor, L. (1998a). Collection, handling, fixation, histological and storage procedures for taxonomic studies of terrestrial flatworms (Tricladida: Terricola). Pedobiologia 42, 405-411.

Winsor, L. (1998b). Aspecits and functionl histology in terrestrial flatworms (Tricladida: Terricola). Pedobiologia 42, 412-432.

Winsor, L. (1998c). Flatworm infestation of commercial earthworm farms in Australia. Pedobiologia 42, 573. (Abstract).

Winsor, L. (1998d). The Australian terrestrial flatworm fauna (Tricladida: Terricola). Pedobiologia 42, 457-463.

Winsor, L., Johns, P. M. & Yeates, G. W. (1998).Introduction, and ecological and systematic background, to the Terricola (Tricladida). Pedobiologia 42, 389-404.

Yeates, G. & Boag, B. (1995). Flatworms are getting around. New Zealand Rhododendron Association Bulletin 83, 40-41.

Yeates, G. W., Boag, B. & Johns, P. M. (1997). Observations on feeding and earthworm population structure of five New Zealand terrestrial planarians which prey on lumbricid earthworms. Annals of applied Biology 131, 351-358.

Yeates, G. W., Boag, B. & Johns, P. M. (1998). Field and laboratory observations on terrestrial planarians from modified habitats in New Zealand. Pedobiologia 42, 554-562.

Yeates G.W., Ross, C. W. & Shepherd, T. G. (1999) Populations of terrestrial planarians affected by crop management: implications for long-term land management. Pedobiologia 43, 360-363.

3. Physiology

Campbell, J. W. (1973). Arginine and urea biosynthesis in the land planarian: its significance in biochemical evolution. In: Biology of Turbellaria: Experimental Advances, pp. 133-138. Mss. Information Corporation, New York 1973 (1-9), 10-175.

Curry, W.J., Shaw, C., Johnson, C. F., Thim, L. & Buchanan, K. D. (1991). Isolation and characterisation of neuropeptide F from the turbellarian Artioposthia triangulata. Regulatory Peptides 35, 231.

Curry, W.J., Shaw, C., Johnson, C. F., Thim, L. & Buchanan, K. D. (1992). Neuropeptide F: primary structure from the Turbellarian (Turbellarian), Artioposthia triangulata. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, Comp. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 101, 269-274.

Daly, J. J., Mathews, H. M. & Farris, H. E. Jr. (1977). Evidence against gastro intestinal pseudoparasitism by the land planarian Bipalium kewense. Health Lab. Sci. 14, 39-43.

Day, T. A., Maule, A. G., Shaw, C., Halton, D. W., Moore, S., Bennett, l. & Pax, R. A. (1994). Platyhelminth FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) contract Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda: Digenea) muscle fibres in vitro. Parasitology 109, 455-459.

Jennings, J. B. (1962). Observations on the nutrition of the land planarian Orthodemus terrestris (O. F. Muller). Biological Bulletin 117, 119-124.

Jennings, J. B. (1974). Digestive physiology of the Turbellaria. In Biology of the Turbellaria (N. W. Riser & M. P. Morese, Eds.), pp. 173-197. McGraw-Hill, New York.

Landsperger, W. J., Peters, E. H. & Dresden, M. H. (1981). Properties of a collagenolytic enzyme from Bipalium kewense. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta 661, 213-220.

McGee, C. (1996). Studies on the biology of the terrestrial flatworms, Artioposthia triangulata and Australoplana sanguinea var. alba. Unpublished PhD thesis. The Queen’s University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.

McGee, C., Fairweather, I. & Blackshaw, R. P. (1996). Ultrastructural observations on rhabdaite formation in the planarian, Artioposthia triangulata. J. Zool., Lond. 240, 563-572.

McGee, C., Fairweather, I. & Blackshaw, R. P. (1997). Ultrastructural features of the epidermis of the planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy). Hydrobiologia 347, 15-24.

McGee, C., Wisdom, G. B., Fairweather, I., Blackshaw, R. P., McIlroy, J. & Walker, B. (1998). Characterisation of the proteins present in the mucus of the flatworm Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 119B, 292-298.

Maule, A. G., Shaw, C., Halton, D. W., Curry, W. J. & Thim, L. (1994). A turbellarian FMRFamide- related peptide (FaRP). Regulatory Peptides 50, 37-53.

Phillips, J. & Dresden, M. H. (1973). A collagenase in extracts of the invertebrate Bipalium kewense. Biochem J. 133, 329-334.

Walton, B. C. & Yokogama, M. (1972). Terrestrial Turbellarians (Tricladida, Bipaliidae) as pseudoparasites of man. J. Parasitology 58, 444-446.

Baker, R.H.A.; Sansford, C.E.; Jarvis, C.H.; Cannon, R.J.C.; MacLeod, A.; Walters, K.F.A. (2000) The role of climatic mapping in predicting the potential distribution of non-indigenous pests under current and future climates. Agriculture, Ecosystems and the Environment, (in press).

Bale, J.S. & Walters, K.F.A (2000). Overwintering biology as a guide the establishment potential of non-native arthropods in the UK. Society for Experimental Biology (in press).